Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors: Revolutionizing Cancer Therapy and Overcoming Resistance Mechanisms

Abstract

Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) represent a transformative class of immunotherapeutic

agents that have revolutionized cancer treatment by harnessing the body’s immune system to

target and destroy tumor cells. This paper reviews the mechanisms underlying immune

checkpoint inhibition, highlights key ICIs currently approved for clinical use, and explores

the resistance mechanisms that limit their efficacy. It also discusses strategies for overcoming

resistance, aiming to improve the therapeutic outcomes of ICIs in cancer treatment.