Understanding the Mechanisms and Treatment of Age- Related Macular Degeneration (AMD)

Abstract

Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a leading cause of vision loss among older

adults, characterized by the degeneration of the macula, a central part of the retina

responsible for sharp, detailed vision. This paper explores the underlying mechanisms, risk

factors, and current treatment strategies for AMD, focusing on both dry and wet forms of the

disease. The genetic, environmental, and vascular contributions to AMD pathogenesis are

examined, as well as the latest advancements in medical treatments, including

pharmacological therapies, gene therapy, and surgical interventions. The aim of this paper is

to provide an in-depth understanding of AMD and offer insights into current and future

therapeutic approaches to manage this debilitating condition.