Precision Medicine in Epilepsy: Tailoring Treatment Based on Genetic and Phenotypic Factors

Abstract

Epilepsy is a chronic neurological disorder characterized by recurrent seizures, affecting over

50 million individuals globally. Traditional treatment approaches have been largely based on

a trial-and-error method, with the focus on symptomatic control of seizures. However, recent

advances in genetic research and phenotypic profiling have ushered in the era of precision

medicine. This approach aims to customize medical treatment based on individual genetic

makeup and phenotypic features, ultimately improving treatment efficacy and minimizing

adverse effects. This paper explores the role of genetic and phenotypic factors in the

management of epilepsy, evaluating the impact of precision medicine on therapeutic

strategies, challenges in its implementation, and future directions.