Hypertension, a prevalent cardiovascular condition, is increasingly recognized for its
significant impact on cognitive health, with numerous studies linking it to cognitive decline
and dementia. This review aims to explore the mechanisms by which hypertension
contributes to cognitive impairment and examine the available management strategies for
mitigating this risk. Both direct and indirect pathways, such as vascular damage,
neuroinflammation, and endothelial dysfunction, are discussed as central to the development
of cognitive deficits. Additionally, pharmacological and non-pharmacological interventions,
including antihypertensive therapy and lifestyle modifications, are critically evaluated in
terms of their effectiveness in preventing or slowing cognitive decline. The review concludes
with recommendations for future research directions to enhance understanding and treatment
options.
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