Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) remain the leading cause of mortality among the elderly
population worldwide. As individuals age, the risk of developing cardiovascular risk factors
such as hypertension, diabetes, and hyperlipidemia increases. While pharmacological
interventions are common, lifestyle modifications—particularly changes in diet, physical
activity, and smoking habits—have gained recognition for their role in mitigating
cardiovascular risk. This paper reviews the effects of various lifestyle modifications on
cardiovascular risk factors in the elderly population. Evidence from clinical trials and
observational studies suggests that appropriate dietary changes, regular physical activity,
weight management, and smoking cessation can significantly reduce the prevalence of
cardiovascular risk factors and enhance quality of life in the elderly. However, the impact of
these interventions is influenced by individual factors, including comorbid conditions,
functional status, and adherence to lifestyle changes. This paper concludes with
recommendations for integrating lifestyle modifications into routine healthcare for older
adults to improve cardiovascular health outcomes.
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